榆神矿区煤炭开采的地下水动态演化规律

榆神矿区浅表层水资源短缺,生态脆弱,在划分主采煤层上覆含、隔水层组合类型的基础上,采用Visual Modflow软件构建煤层开采的地下水流数值模型,研究地下水流场演化规律,统计区内地下水位观测网(56个水文观测孔)近3年的有效观测数据,掌握首采煤层开采地下水位动态变化。结果表明:2020年第四系萨拉乌苏组潜水流场与2005年统测地下水流场形态基本一致,地下水位降深值在西南部达10 m;近3年的地下水位未发生明显变化,仅YS22钻孔处受村民井取水引起水位下降。研究成果对榆神矿区地下水资源保护与利用具有重要的指导意义。     

老旧煤矿健康老龄化环境建设路径分析

被关闭的低效率老旧煤矿,作为很多退休煤矿职工的家庭所在地,依然担负着为其提供正常生活条件和养老功能的任务。为了营造煤炭企业退休职工适老环境,对老旧煤矿健康老龄化环境建设路径进行了探讨。在分析健康老龄化的普遍性问题后,从公共服务、卫生健康服务、认同感、原有养老模式等方面论述了老旧煤矿存在的具体问题;针对现状及问题,从理顺养老服务管理机制和合理确定具体任务目标两方面提出了对策与建议。     

Lab scale optimization of various factors for photocatalytic hydrogen generation over low cost Cu0.02Ti0.98O2-δ photocatalyst under UV/Visible irradiation and sunlight

We have demonstrated earlier that maximum H₂ generated @ 1.167 l/h/m² over Cu_0.02Ti_0.98O_2-δ photocatalyst with apparent quantum efficiency, AQE of 7.5% and solar fuel efficiency, SFE of 3.9% under sunlight. With an aim to scale-up the solar photocatalytic hydrogen process to pilot plant, optimization studies at lab scale as well as in upscaled photoreactors were performed over Cu_0.02Ti_0.98O_2-δ, photocatalyst under UV/visible and sunlight. Cu_0.02Ti_0.98O_2-δ was synthesized by facile sol-gel route and characterized by relevant techniques. Several operational parameters were investigated in order to finalize the conditions which are most favourable for photocatalytic hydrogen yield. Factors such as photocatalyst loadings, v/v concentration of sacrificial reagent, replacement of methanol by industrial waste glycerol, role of different configuration of light source with reactor, effect of stirring during the photocatalytic reaction, effect of fluctuations of solar flux at hourly basis, illumination area on hydrogen yield were studied. Contribution of each factor in determining the hydrogen yield was quantified. Relative standard deviation in hydrogen yield as a function of each factor was estimated. Our findings suggest that in addition to catalyst loadings and sacrificial reagent, improved dispersion of photocatalyst obtained by stirring the reaction mixture in horizontal geometry resulted in enhanced H₂ yield. Hydrogen yield obtained at lab scale can be appropriately extrapolated with respect to illumination area instead of weight of photocatalyst. A relative standard deviation (RSD) of ± 3.82% and ± 4.53% in H₂ yield was calculated for sunny and cloudy days in time zone of 10.30–16.30 h IST. Deviation of H₂ yield was more on cloudy days and beyond 16:30 h. These studies have provided a daily window of 11:00–15:00 h to be utilized throughout the year for a commercial scaled up process, prohibiting the illumination during less productive hours of the day for shaping the improved economics of solar hydrogen generation. Our results obtained at lab scale would be useful to perform sunlight driven scaled –up photocatalytic process using low cost visible light efficient photocatalyst, Cu_0.02Ti_0.98O_2-δ.     

Research on the hot surface ignition of hydrogen‐air mixture under different influencing factors

To further reveal the pre‐ignition characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engine, the effect of hot surface characteristic parameters on the ignition characteristics of hydrogen‐air mixture was investigated in this research. Based on the prototype of the constant volume combustion bomb with an overhead glow plug, the duration from the heating of the hot surface to the combustion of hydrogen‐air mixture, the so‐called heating duration, was firstly researched under different fuel‐air equivalence ratio, initial temperature, initial pressure, hot surface temperature, and hot surface area, and the influence of each factor on the heating duration was analyzed. The results show that the order of the effect of each factor on the hot surface ignition is as follows: hot surface temperature > initial pressure of hydrogen‐air mixture > equivalent ratio > initial temperature of hydrogen‐air mixture > hot surface area. The influence of the hot surface characteristic parameters on the heating duration was further analyzed in detail. On this basis, the relationship among the critical ignition temperature, the heating duration and the hot surface area was researched and established. The results show that the heating duration is the only major factor affecting the critical ignition temperature. Finally, the research results were applied to analysis the pre‐ignition in hydrogen internal combustion engine.     

Experimental validation of predictor-corrector approach based control schemes on the laboratory scale non-linear system

In this work, the authors have designed and implemented predictor-corrector approach based control schemes for a single input-single output nonlinear system. The controller output is computed in two steps. The first step explicitly uses a non-linear model or multiple-linear models weighted using fuzzy membership function to compute the value of the controller output. The second step is based on the measurement, where the value of the controller output computed in first step is updated. The extensive simulation studies show that the set-point tracking and disturbance rejection capability of the proposed control schemes are found to be satisfactory in the absence and presence of Model-plant mismatch. The performances of the proposed control schemes have been compared with that of a gain-scheduled PI controller. In addition, the control schemes are experimentally validated on the laboratory scale conical tank experimental setup.     

Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and morphology as substrates for coral larval settlement

The growing demand for stony corals as ornamental aquarium animals requires defined aquacultural breeding strategies. For the sexual propagation of corals, material substrates are needed, that attract larvae and support their settlement and development. In this study, five types of highly porous ceramic materials were developed following the example of coral skeleton. The applicability of these settlement substrates was tested using larvae of the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. Partial sintering of pressed clay pellets, freeze casting of clay and alumina-mullite based slurries and direct foaming of high alkane phase emulsified suspensions (HAPES) using alumina were employed. By the addition of mm-sized spherical polystyrene beads as sacrificial templates during freeze casting (alumina-mullite), superficial pores in the size of the larvae were created. The inorganic substrates featured open porosities between 35% (pressed clay) and 83% (foamed alumina), pore sizes ranging from nm to mm-scale and pore morphologies dominated by interparticle porosity (pressed), lamellar pores (freeze casting) and cellular pore types (direct foaming). The ceramic substrates were incubated in artificial sea water for 3 months to induce necessary biofilm formation and algae growth. Afterwards, individual substrates were exposed to 5 coral larvae, and their settlement behavior was monitored over 14 days. At the end of this period, all ceramic materials were successfully accepted as settlement substrates, with a mean settlement rate of 46.2%, and no significant differences between the substrate types. On samples with large surface superficial pores, a significantly reduced survival of settled larvae (79%) compared to the other porous materials (93–98%) was determined, suggesting a non-ideal surface topography. While alumina foam samples (HAPES) exhibit the most promising results in terms of settlement and survival of larvae, clay-based substrates provide a more economic solution for the sexual propagation of corals in aquaculture.     

Solution combustion synthesis of ZnO powders using CTAB as fuel

Zinc oxide (ZnO) powders have been prepared by solution combustion synthesis method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as fuel. The effects of fuel to oxidant ratios (? = 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.5) on the combustion behavior, phase evolution, microstructure, optical properties and photocatalytic performance were investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy, and diffuse reflectance spectrometry techniques. The slow decomposition rate of CTAB guaranteed the direct formation of single phase and well-crystalline ZnO powders regardless of fuel content. The specific surface area of the as-combusted ZnO powders with platelet particles increased from 21 ± 1 to 35 ± 2?m²/g with fuel content. The band gap energy also increased from 2.99 to 3.13?eV due to the decrease of particle size. The as-combusted ZnO powders at ? = 1.5 exhibited the highest photodegradation (~69%) of methylene blue under ultraviolet light irradiation, due to their good crystallinity and smaller particle size.     

槽波地震勘探技术在瓦斯富集区探测中的应用研究

为查清糯东煤矿11705工作面内部煤厚变化，并圈出工作面瓦斯治理高风险区域，为工作面安全高效生产提供指导，采用槽波地震透射法对11705工作面进行探测。联合槽波速度解释与能量解释两种方法，辨析透射槽波的质量，将质量差的槽波射线分别绘制在平面图上，采用射线交汇的方法划分工作面的开采风险分布区域。探测成果与实验室中解吸法的瓦斯测定成果进行了对比，结果表明，煤与瓦斯突出矿井槽波速度与瓦斯富集区存在一定相关性，在槽波高速区、波速急剧变化带或高低速相间分布区，瓦斯含量可能较高；被四周高速区所包围的低速区域瓦斯含量较高。上述结论为国内同类型矿井瓦斯富集区探测提供了借鉴。     

区域自动气象站常见故障及维修方法

区域自动气象站当中的设施设备是否可以正常、稳定运行,不仅会直接决定气象监测工作质量,同时还会形成严重的经济损失。对此,为了更好地保障气象监测工作质量,文章简要分析区域自动气象站常见故障及维修方法,希望可以为相关工作者提供理论帮助。